A fracture is a break in bone continuity, caused by trauma, stress, or weakened bone. Types include closed or open, complete or incomplete, displaced or non-displaced, and special forms like transverse, spiral, comminuted, or pathological fractures.
Pathophysiology:Healing occurs in stages—hematoma formation, inflammation, soft callus, hard callus, and remodeling. Adequate blood supply and stability are essential; poor nutrition, infection, or systemic disease can delay union.
Diagnosis: Clinical signs are pain, swelling, deformity, and loss of function. Imaging—X-ray, CT, or MRI—confirms the type and severity.
Treatment:Options include immobilization with cast/splint, closed reduction, or surgical fixation (plates, screws, rods). Rehabilitation restores mobility and strength.
Dietary Interventions:Healing requires calcium, vitamin D, protein, vitamin C, vitamin K, and minerals like zinc and magnesium. A balanced diet with dairy, leafy greens, fruits, fish, and adequate protein accelerates recovery.