Epilepsy: A Neurological Disorder
“Epilepsy is a brain disorder in which brain cells (neurons) send abnormal signals, causing repeated seizures. A seizure may lead to unusual movements, behaviors, emotions, or loss of awareness.”
Causes:
- Brain injury, stroke, tumors
- Infections (meningitis, encephalitis)
- Genetic changes
- Developmental brain disorders
- In many people, the cause remains unknown.
Triggers:
Stress, lack of sleep, flashing lights, alcohol, dehydration, hormonal changes, or missing meals.
Types of Seizures:
- Focal seizures: Start in one part of the brain; may cause strange sensations or repetitive movements.
- Generalized seizures: Affect both sides of the brain, e.g., tonic-clonic (stiffness + jerks), absence (staring spells), atonic (sudden fall).
Diagnosis:
Doctors use medical history, EEG, MRI/CT scans, blood tests, and behavioral assessments.
Treatment:
- Anti-seizure medicines (most common).
- Special diets (like the ketogenic diet).
- Surgery (removing seizure focus, laser therapy).
- Devices (vagus nerve stimulation, deep brain stimulation).
Living with Epilepsy:
With proper treatment, many people live normal lives. Still, some may have cognitive or emotional challenges. Support, stress management, regular sleep, and avoiding triggers are essential.